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Journal of Korean Institute of Fire Science and Engineering 1996;10(4):19-27.
Published online December 31, 1996.
건물화재시 개구부의 흐름계수에 관한 연구
허만성
중경공업전문대학 소방안전관리과
A Study on the Flow Coefficient of Compartment Fire
요약
상층부의 온도, 경계면 높이 및 흐름형태를 연구하기 위하여 쓰레기통, 의자, 카페트, 소파, 매트리스 및 장농화재 실험을 실제 건물에서 수행하였다. 상부층의 온도와 경계면의 높이는 사각 쓰레기통의 경우 개구부의 흐름계수가 0.65∼0.8, 원형 쓰레기통 및 의자의 경우는 0.65∼0.9, 카페트, 소파, 매트리스 및 장농의 경우는 0.7∼O.9일 때 실험치와 비교적 잘 일치하였다. 경계면의 높이는 가구화재시 1[m] 근처에서 정상상태를 유지하였다. 다만, 최대온도를 나타내는 시간에는 경계면 높이가 바닥에서 0.25[m]∼0.75[m]까지도 내려왔다. 개구부의 흐름형태는 분산화재의 경우는 filling과 buoyant흐름이 나타났고, 집중화재의 경우는 filling에서 바로 flow로 가고 또 flow기간도 길게 나타났다. 경계면 높이가 내려오는 속도는 가구의 가연성 및 공기와의 접촉면적에 비례하여 경계면 높이가 1[m] 근처까지 내려오는데 소요되는 시간은 1분∼3분 이내로 나타났다.
Abstract
The objective of this research is to study on the upper layer temperature, interface height and flow regime in case of several furniture fires such as trashcan, chair, carpet, sofa, mattress and wardrobe as a fire starter in a residential room by performing the experimental studies. The upper layer temperature and the Interface height were relatively well agreed with the experimental results when the flow coefficient at the opening was 0.65-0.8 for the rectangular trashcan, 0.65-0.9 for the circular trashcan and chair, and 0.7-0.9 for the carpet, sofa, mattress and wardrobe. The interface heights for the seven furniture fires were around 1[m] maintaining steady state. However, at the time of the maximum temperature, the interface height was lowered to 0.25[m]-0.75[m] from the floor. The flow regime at the opening was filling and buoyant for the distributed fire, and for the concentrated fire it was filling and then quickly changed to flow, and the flow period was long. The descending speed of the interface height was proportioned to the inflammability of the furniture and the contact surface area with air. The time required to come down around 1[m] was within 1-3 minutes.


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